A Historical Analysis of Ibne Sinas Life and Contributions to Modern Essay

A Historical Analysis of Ibne Sinas Life and Contributions to Modern Science - Essay Example As a physical, Avicenna is notable for his book the Canon (al-Qanun fi’l-Tibb). This book had assumed a vital job in pre-current clinical training in both Europe and in Medieval Islamic Empire. Additionally Avicenna’s philosophical book â€Å"summa the Cure† (al-Shifa’) was likewise powerful in European scholasticism. It is accepted that â€Å"Summa the Cure† once vigorously affected the celebrated western rationalist Thomas Aquinas. As a savant, Avicenna’s achievement lies in the way that he had the option to discover an interrelation between one’s confidence in God and man’s existential being. Along these lines, Avicenna can be thought to be the first Islamic scholarly mastermind. The hypothetical space that he accommodates God as the Essential Being fundamentally develops the preparation for his â€Å"theories of the spirit, astuteness and cosmos† (Goodman 43). Without a doubt, he effectively verbalized that God is ess entially the establishment or root of all the unmistakable and elusive presence of this universe. Avicenna, the acclaimed Muslim thinker and doctor, was conceived in a town named Qishlak Afshona in Uzbekistan (which was then called Bukhara) in 980 AD. His mom Setareh was a conventional housewife fro Bukhara and his dad, Abdullah was an all around respected Islamic researcher who came to Bukhara from Balkh which was a renowned city of the Samanid Empire.

Lindsey deGruy Monday Is Pepto Bismol Pink (Narrat Essays

Lindsey deGruy Monday Is Pepto Bismol Pink (Narrat Essays Lindsey deGruy Monday Is Pepto Bismol Pink (Narrative on Synesthesia) What shading is three ' to you? I ask my companion, after clarifying that for me, it's a delicate shade of backwoods green. We're seven years of age and spread out on towels under the sweltering Las Vegas sun, attempting our best to keep up discussion in the midst of a significant piece of popsicle. My interest is met with a befuddled gaze and a reaction along the lines of, I don't get your meaning? This was the first occasion when I understood that the manner in which I see things is not quite the same as that of my companions. It was additionally the first in a long queue of inquiries that I in the end simply quit posing. Up until the age of twelve, I felt like an outcast. It wasn ' t a dejection issue I had a lot of companions. The problem was that I didn't see how no ne of them saw hues, shapes, and examples when they tuned in to music ; for what reason to me, the long stretch of July was a forceful shade of o range and had an aftertaste like cream pop while to them , it was basically July. I couldn ' t understand the idea of Wednesday changing itself anyplace yet over one ' s left nostril, couldn ' t fold my head over the thought of a stomachache being definitely not distorted and twisting wisps of yellow and blue. My seeing and feeling things along these lines may not seem like it was excessively negative to my prosperity during my formative years in light of the fact that, at a surface level, it wasn ' t. All things considered, there was no genuine correspondence obstruction, and truly (other than a terrible propensity for strolling on my toes) I was similarly as capable as every other person. I could do whatever it was my companions were managing with no genuine issues emerging. Issues sprang up, be that as it may, now and again when it was fundamental for me to pass on my contemplations and sentiments to other people. Encountering things uniquely in contrast to those I was encircled by made that correspondence procedure one that is as of now hard for most youth considerably harder. My perceptual dissimilarities were something that could be handily forgotten about or maintained a strategic distance from, however the issue was that I never could (once in a while still can ' t) tell whether the manner in which I saw something was a similar path as every other person did or remarkable to me as it were. In every one of the couple of occurrences that I opened up, I ' d received nothing consequently except for a curious or at times even basic response, leaving me to feel as if there was a major issue with me from an exceptionally little age. These emotions dispersed and left a totally different universe of probability trailing behind them when I was looking for a venture subject in eight h grade. I went to a task based school where, rather than following an exacting educational plan, we needed to work independentl y, picking points that both intrigued us and fit insid e state rules. The prerequisite being that I picked something in the science classification, I chose to go the brain science course and take a gander at a rundown of disagreeable neurological conditions. The ordered rundown contained brief portrayals of every one. I skimmed through it to no quick profit and was near the very edge of surrendering when something got my attention : a marvel called synesthesia . There was and still is a genuine research shortfall on the point, however it was depicted, to put it plainly, as the automatic intersection of the faculties ; and the alleged indications were strikingly recognizable . It wasn ' t only a me thing all things considered. Individuals with synesthesia all experience it in an unexpected way, however one thing is clear: they don't experience feelings and recognitions or see the world on the an incredible same range as somebody without it. Basically, the meaning of synesthesia as indicated by William James is a particular joining o f sense discernments. This implies the intersection of any two faculties or more , be that as it may, and faculties influence everybody solely; so significantly less basically, there are actually unending crosses, mixes , and results synesthesia can create. A few people get the capacity to taste shapes , a few

How to Write a Cover Letter For Scholarship Applications?

How to Write a Cover Letter For Scholarship Applications?When it comes to scholarship, writing a cover letter is a very crucial part of the process. A scholarship decision can be made in a matter of seconds by the evaluator. For this reason, the first thing that an advisor asks for when reading a student's application is whether or not the student wrote the letter for scholarship application samples for teaching.Since so many students fail to send their application to a professor and this is the first thing that an advisor asks, the question of how to write a cover letter for scholarship is very important. However, this doesn't mean that students are all the same. Even a student who writes a very good letter for teaching can still get denied a scholarship.Essay for scholarship application samples for teaching is really an exercise in writing skills. It can be learned by anyone. There are different levels of essay writing. If you do not take the time to learn this, you could end up in a dead end.Just because you are applying for a scholarship does not mean that you do not need to practice your writing. While it may be tempting to simply go out and write a teacher's letter, there are situations where you will need to talk about a specific event in your life. If you cannot write about a personal experience, you will need to think about what type of experience you can use.Essay for scholarship application samples for teaching can include personal experiences that relate to the topic at hand. If you are writing about teaching in the past, you might want to talk about your most recent job. You might want to explain why you chose to teach in the first place. This is a great way to talk about your life.As an alternative to essay for scholarship application samples for teaching, you can write a more conventional letter. Just remember that your cover letter is not written to convince the person that you are a great teacher, but rather that you are an academic with potent ial.The first thing that an advisor will check for is your teaching or learning experiences. This is a good reason for not only discussing those experiences but also writing about them in a detailed manner. Your covering letter should contain your cover letter for scholarship and any other letters you have sent, along with your resume, letters of recommendation, and a short biography.At the end of the day, essay for scholarship application samples for teaching is about teaching and how to write a cover letter for scholarship. If you can keep these elements in mind, you will be well on your way to writing a great teacher's letter.

Pro-Illegal Immigration Paper - 916 Words

Vanessa Labrada 11/16/11 FYS 138 Professor Lodge The Melting Pot The debate of illegal immigration in the United States is one that is plagued with many details, and one that sparks a huge amount of controversy among politicians and citizens alike. While it is an issue that many argue about, few people are actually knowledgeable about the subject and have facts to back up their opinions. According the Center for Immigration Studies, the â€Å"unauthorized resident immigrant population is defined by all foreign-born non-citizens who are not legal residents† (CIS). This definition incudes people who emigrate from countries all over the world; it is not exclusive to those who come from Mexico and surrounding Central and Southern American†¦show more content†¦This forces American citizens to pay more taxes in order to fund these programs. America is already suffering through one of the worst economic crises since the Great Depression. It cannot afford to support illegal immigrants and their families in addition to its citizens. However, these cons are outweighed by the benefits that immigration from outside countries can bring to the United States. While it would be ideal for immigration to become legal, there are simply not enough resources and funding to make every illegal immigrant a citizen of this country. The fact of the matter is that immigrants come here looking for a better chance at life, and a better paying job to support their families. The risk their lives in coming here, and are treated as less than humans when they take up strenuous jobs. Those undesirable jobs are available for a reason; most Americans would not enjoy being a housemaid, a fruit picker out in the hot sun, a gardener, etc. Furthermore, undocumented immigrants do indeed contribute to the American economy. They and their families generate revenue as workers and consumers, and contrary to popular belief, pay the inevitable sales and property taxes. Most illegal immigrants are not even eligible to receive benefits from Social SecurityShow MoreRelatedIllegal Immigration Is It Really That Big Of A Deal?1084 Words   |  5 PagesIllegal immigration. Is it positive or negative? There are many views to this, as to any topics in its nature, but is it really that big of a deal? This paper will be introducing the pros and cons to this subject. There will also be the views politicians of the upcoming 2016 election. This will cover the views of Hillary Clinton, Donald Trump, and Bernie Sanders. What’s your view towards illegal immigration? There are many pros to this topic, such as the fact that the government would earn moreRead MoreThe Movement Of Undocumented Immigrants1308 Words   |  6 PagesIn this paper, a number of potential policies the United States government could enact are reviewed for their economic effects in an attempt to separate true information from political abstraction, and are also applied to the agricultural sector to provide an example of specific effects. As a whole, pro-legalization policies provide positive economic benefits to the labor market and the American population at large, while restrictive policies harm the labor market and population. This paper considersRead MoreAustin, Texas : The Capital Of Texas1398 Words   |  6 Pagesinformation for immigrants. One of the larger problems Austin has faced recently and continues to face is illegal immigrants and their inability to find employment without green cards or documentation. Local government, city council, Commission on Immigrant Affairs, and various other actors have tried to correct or improve the immigration issues that Austin faces. Causes of illegal immigration cannot be pinpointed to one direct cause. It is entirely made of many indirect causes that lead to thisRead MoreMilitary Involvement Of The United States And Mexican Border1579 Words   |  7 Pagesinvolvement and many are in its favor. This paper will discuss reasons why military involvement is vital in the protection of the United States-Mexican border. The border between The United States and Mexico has been the routes used for trafficking drugs, illegal immigrants and the entry points for terrorists In our past history, The United States Customs and border officials have been focused on relatively common matters of enforcing laws regarding trade and immigration, watching over agriculture and economicRead MoreIllegal Immigration Is A Problem For The United States1361 Words   |  6 PagesIllegal immigration has been a problem for the United States for a long time. This is not a new phenomenon and thousands of illegal immigrants have come into US th rough either the Mexico border, the Pacific Ocean, or through many other ways. Some people entered in country legally through a visit visa, but then have stayed illegally and are working in various places. Illegal immigration is a double enclosed sword; one hand it provide the local economy with cost benefits as the illegal immigrants areRead MoreThe Border Security And Illegal Immigration Controversy1401 Words   |  6 Pageshub for drug trafficking, and illegal immigration. There is a border fence that stretches over 30 miles in and around the El Paso area, with a border patrol agent stationed every 300 yards over the same span. With a population of close to 800,000 with over 80% of that being Hispanic, it is a very controversial subject along the border region. (Debate.org Article) There are multiple political forces that are playing a part in the border security/illegal immigration controversy. The current administrationRead MoreImmigration Reform : Illegal Immigration1697 Words   |  7 Pages Back in 2007 there were several concerns over immigration as a whole and exploding proportions of illegal immigrants crossing the border in the Arizona area. Arizona attempted to resolve the influx of people across the border by imposing heavy fines on employers hiring illegal immigrants. At that time in Arizona there was a democratic governor Janet Napolitano that continually vetoed the Arizona’s legislature attempt to reduce illegal immigration. In 2009 the state replaced the Democratic governorRead More Pro Immigration Essay1121 Words   |  5 PagesPro Immigration   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  We live in the age where scandalous and controversial topics cover the news headlines. Such subject matters as homosexuality, A.I.D.S, and abortion are fiercely debated upon. Sides are always taken, with the conservatives battling the liberals. One such argument that has always been debated upon since the founding of this nation has been immigration. The fact that it has been argued over for so long makes it seem ironic. A country founded by immigrants perpetuallyRead MoreResearch Paper On Illegal Immigrant1314 Words   |  6 PagesJoaquim B. Amado Composition I December, 3 Research Paper on Illegal Immigrant The immigration is an important phenomenon that exists throughout human history and the United States of America is not an exception of this â€Å"rule†. People leave their motherland to travel to different continent, country, island or state for many different reasons. Among these reasons (business, education, asylum and so on) it is very important to highlight one of the most sensitive: the economic reason or theRead MoreSupport Our Law Enforcement and Safe Neighborhood Act1560 Words   |  6 Pagesanti-immigration law’s in history was heavily disputed and extremely controversial nation-wide. The conversation surrounding current United States immigration regulations and issues that are aimed to be ‘addressed’ by Arizona’s infamous SB 1070 are currently at a standstill. By changing ways in which opposing parties view the ‘issues’ of illegal immigration in the United States and the effects caused by SB 1070, there is hope for the advancement of not only Arizona’s struggle with immigration, but

Essay on Functionalism - 1313 Words

Theories have been composed and exposed by various philosophers to clarify their reasoning about the mind. Dualism, Behaviorism, and Identity Theory, are well-known theories supported by well-written explanations. A modern theory, Functionalism provides ample insight to the main problem philosophers deal with, the mind/body problem. Functionalism was developed as a combination of the Behaviorist theory and the Identity theory. Behaviorism believes being in a mental state is the same as a physical state, which is a noticeable behavioral characteristic. For instance, if one claims they are unhappy, there physical state could include a frowning display or inappropriate posture. On the other hand, the Identity Theory suggests when one†¦show more content†¦If the machine is in S2, and sees a â€Å"1†, it says Even and returns to S1. The purpose of this case Block provided us is to give us a direct insight to how a functionalist theory works. The nature of a mental state in a human mind is equivalent to the nature of a machines state; therefore, it can demonstrate the relations to other states and to inputs and outputs. Functionalism is the dogma for creating something a thought; a desire, a belief, pain, or satisfaction by allowing its dependence only on the role it plays in the cognitive system. Another classic example demonstrated through the functionalist theory, is being in a mental state of pain that induces the notion that something is wrong with one’s body, where the individual wishes to be out of its mental state and as a result, possible behavioral outputs may include wincing, moaning, crying, or anxiety. In the functionalist theory, it states that any creature that is capable of a mental state and meets its conditions experiences pain (Levin). Humans have a process of neural activity, for instance C-fiber stimulation, which meets the conditions of functionalism. Therefore, humans can experience pain by C-fiber stimulation. The theor y also allows other creatures with different physical makeups that have mental states can also experience pain. Functionalist became aware that creatures with different types of physical states could experience pain. AShow MoreRelatedFunctionalism And Functionalism Of Functionalism1837 Words   |  8 PagesA Functionalism is the theory that what makes something a mental state depends on its function or role in the cognitive system, instead of its internal constitution. To put it another way, functionalism holds that mental states correspond to functional states. Functionalism is the offspring of both identity theory and behaviorism, and comes in a few different flavors. For example, there is machine functionalism, psycho-functionalism, analytic functionalism, role-functionalism and realizer-functionalismRead MoreFunctionalism And The Inverted Spectrum1545 Words   |  7 Pagesimportant challenge to functionalist accounts of qualia. Functionalism is committed to defining mental s tates in terms of their cause and effects . By identifying sensory events with casual roles, however, functionalism appears to be missing qualitative aspects all together. The topic of spectrum inversion has often been raised as a contradiction to functionalism, as well as other materialist theories about consciousness. These negates to functionalism show that even when all the relevant physical factsRead MoreEssay on Functionalism in Education1134 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Having attended public schools throughout my childhood and adolescence, I never was familiar with the term functionalism and its many elements. After observing and analyzing my field placement classroom I have come to understand the concept of functionalism to some extent. In general, functionalists â€Å"see schools as serving to socialize students to adapt to the economic, political, and social institutions of that society† (Feinberg, p.6, 2004). They also theorize that in order for societies toRead MoreFunctionalism Of Brazil : Cause Or Style?1623 Words   |  7 PagesFunctionalism in Brazil: cause or style? The premise form follows function was first used by Sullivan in the late nineteenth century and built by Modernist Architecture in Europe in the twentieth century. Reflecting specifically on the Brazilian case, functionalism was an aspect of tension throughout the process of assimilation and appropriation of Modernism as a national language in the twentieth century, because on one side could be an important tool for democratization of accessing to certainRead MoreStructural Functionalism And Functional Theory Essay1187 Words   |  5 PagesStructural Functionalism (SF) theory often referred to as Structural Function Theory or Functional Theory, no matter what name is used, the main context of the theory remains the same. There are many existent interpretations of the theory, however according to Smith and Hamon (2012) SF theory is based on two basic assumptions agreed by all: (a) â€Å"the functions of families is to procreate and socialize children† and (b) â€Å"all syste ms have functions† (p. 44). Additionally, they further elaborate on functionalRead MoreFunctionalism And Its Impact On Physical Body Essay1934 Words   |  8 Pageswith our physical body? Do they interact at all? Are they two separate entities or one in the same? Many theories try to answer these types of questions, but the one I will be focusing on is role functionalism. When mentioning functionalism throughout, I will be referring to role functionalism. Functionalism is a theory that says mental states can be defined by their function. So, we can identify mental states with their functional states. We can come to know the function of a mental state through examiningRead MoreStructural Functionalism And Its Impact On Society Essay911 Words   |  4 PagesStructural functionalism â€Å"is a macro-level theory that views a society as a complete unit† (Grand Canyon). Structural functionalism shows how society works together. It also brings out the individual roles, stri cter and functions that people in society have. In our book figure 2.1 displays a few examples. It has politics listed as the structure and their function is to maintain order and control. The world works with this theory because you need the ones in the structural positions to be able toRead MoreConflict Theory Vs. Structural Functionalism978 Words   |  4 PagesConflict Theory vs. Structural Functionalism, this is like a fight between conservative and liberal. Structural Functionalism is a sociological theory that focuses on the structures of society and their functional significance (positive and negative consequences) for other structures (Ritzer, 2013). In another word, Structural Functionalism focuses on hierarchy, high position in the society. The theory is based on the belief that a person who held a high position like doctor or lawyer should getRead MoreGeorge Peter Murdocks Theory Of Structural Functionalism953 Words   |  4 Pages In the theory of Structural Functionalism, one believes that society is made up of many parts which depend on each other to work and if one fails, all will fail. Imagine the body; each organ has a set function. If the heart stopped doing what it was supposed to be doing and tried to digest your food, what would happen? Functionalists consider family as an essential building block of society. This is an analogy to decide that if one part of society actually starts failing, the society dies. GeorgeRead MoreFunctionalism : Functionalism And Functionalism1100 Words   |  5 PagesFUNCTIONALISM AND WEBERIANISM Functionalism has been focused on different parts of the societies ‘functioning’ to keep up social order and foundation. Emile Durkheim, Talcott Parsons and Robert Merton were the three main theorists of functionalism, where they studied to understand how different parts of society could connect and work towards promoting social steadiness and harmony. Parsons viewed health as an important part of foundation and building a better society where illness has stopped

Enron Case - 1899 Words

ENRON CASE Please read the Enron cases posted on blackboard and the one in your book then answer the following questions based upon the case and Chapter 9. Make sure that your answers are supported by the facts of the case and the concepts you learned from Chapter 5. Please rely only on the case/chapter 9 to answer the questions except for question # 12—requires outside search. Make sure your answers are sufficiently brief, concise, and relevant to the question. Please avoid general, round, and long statements based upon speculations. â€Å"Briefly explain† means an explanation requiring 2-5 sentence elaboration of the topic in hand. This is an independent and individual project that should be done by each individual†¦show more content†¦e. Government figures. Lay had closed personal ties with the Bush family. Enron’s efforts influence policy making. 2. Looking at all the evidence, what do you believe were the 3 major internal causes of Enron’s collapse? Explain each briefly. a. They were hiding huge derivative losses that would have stopped its growth much sooner. b. The company manipulated their revenue figures they used many methods to make the company conditions look better than what they really were by starting different accounting practices. c. They broke the legal and ethical integrity of the company by overseeing the company’s financial reports. What do you believe were the 2 main external causes of Enron’s collapse? Explain each briefly. a. Enron used false and deceptive methods to creatively hide its dealings which lead to losses of investors and creditor trust. b. Losses were held off the book by subsidiary companies, while assets were started. Publicly traded corporations are require to make their financial statements public but Enron’s finances were an impenetrable maze of carefully crafte d imaginary transactions between itself and its subsidiaries. 3. Insider trading occurs when a person uses confidential (â€Å"inside†) information about a company to buy or sell the company’s stock for a gain. What evidence can you find in the case of insider trading? The former head of Enron Delainey newShow MoreRelatedEnron Case1075 Words   |  5 PagesMINI CASE: THE FILURE OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AT ENRON 1.Which parts of the corporate governance system, internal and external, do you believe failed Enron the most? In the evaluation of the Enron’s case; by trying to see the very big picture, it is not only about that the internal part of the corporate governance system was failed or but also the external part of the corporate governance system was also failed. As noted on the last paragraph of the mini case, many people from different positionsRead MoreEnron Case2186 Words   |  9 PagesPart B: What role did the CFO play in creating the problems that led to Enron’s financial problems? In order to prevent the losses from appearing on its financial statements, Enron used questionable accounting practices. To misrepresent its true financial condition, Andrew Fastow, the Enron’s CFO, takes his role involving unconsolidated partnerships and â€Å"special purpose entities†, which would later become known as the LJM partnership. Taking advantage from the SPEs’s main purpose, which providedRead MoreEnron Case2402 Words   |  10 Pages Imane Malihi Prof. Fred Friend BLW411/511 March 27, 2014 The Downfall of Enron Corporation â€Å"Ethics and integrity are at the core of sustainable long term success †¦ Without them, no strategy can work and, as Enron has demonstrated, enterprises will fail. That’s despite having some of the ‘smartest’ guys in the room.† by Richard Rudden. As the quotation states, ethics and integrity play a key role in the success of any corporation; through these principles, companies can ensure their complianceRead MoreThe Case Of The Enron Case Essay1197 Words   |  5 Pages1.1. One of the most important fraud cases in the USA was The Enron case because of his criminal activity which involved a big part of USA. Let me give a short introduce about it, â€Å"In 1974, Kenneth Lay joined the Florida Gas Company, eventually serving as president of its successor company, Continental Resources Company. In 1981, he left Continental to join Transco Energy Company in Houston, Texas. Three years later, Lay joined Houston Natural Gas Co. as chairman and CEO. The company merged withRead MoreENRON Case Study1572 Words   |  7 Pages1. The Enron debacle created what one public official reported was a â€Å"crisis of confidence† on the part of the public in the accounting profession. List the parties who you believe are most responsible for that crisis. Briefly justify each of your choices. Following parties are believed to be the most responsible for the crisis. With any big organization going so bad, the blame starts with the top level executives, there was no different in this case. For Enron the blame started with Enron’sRead MoreEnron Case2918 Words   |  12 Pagesseemed eliminate confidence by the business world about the practice of good corporate governance in the United States. Enron was a company that was ranked as seventh out of the five hundred leading companies in the United States and is the largest U.S. energy company that went bankrupt leaving debts amounting to nearly U.S. $ 31.2 billion. In instance with the case of Enron known occurrence of moral threat behavior such as manipulation of financial statements with a record 600 million dollar profitRead MoreCase: 9 Enron928 Words   |  4 PagesCase 9: Enron; Questionable Accounting Leads to Collapse Bruce Smith Minnesota School of Business BS430 Business Ethics MR. Morris November 25, 2012 1. 2. 1. How did the corporate culture of Enron contribute to its bankruptcy? Effective leaders are good at getting followers to their common goals or objectives in the most effective and efficient way; unfortunately for Enron, in the end Ken Lay and Jeffery skilling were too focused on profits that nothing else mattered. In theRead MoreEnron Case Study5921 Words   |  24 PagesEnron Case Study [pic] Part A: Problem Focused Analysis and Recommendations. 1. Brief Case Background. List key events, use timeline. Case Background At one time Enron was one of the world’s largest producers of natural gas, oil, and electricity. It also appeared to be one of the most profitable companies, taking shareholders from $19.10 in 1999 to $90.80 by the end of 2000. Enron’s top management answered to a Board of Directors whose responsibility was to question and challenge new partnershipsRead MoreThe Ethics Of The Enron Case1407 Words   |  6 PagesThe Enron case is a very popular case to show how the profession of accounting is vital to make the corporate world of business flow reliably. Enron was recognized as one of the world’s major electricity, natural gas, communications and pulp and paper’s company. However Enron was found to record assets and profits at inflated, fraudulent and non-existent amounts. Debts and losses were found to be excluded from financial statements along with other major transactions between Enron and other companiesRead MoreEnron Case Study Analysis1699 Words    |  7 PagesBusiness Strategy Enron Case Study 09/08/12 Enron Case Study: From Company to Conspiracy 1. What is the History of Enron, and what current situation does it find itself in? Enron was created by a combination of companies. These companies were Houston Natural Gas and InterNorth. These companies were merged together in July 1985. CEO of Houston Natural Gas, Kenneth Lay became chairman and CEO of the combined company. This happened in February 1986. The company changed its name to Enron on April 10th

Promoting Photography Research Essay Example For Students

Promoting Photography Research Essay Outline1 ROMOTING PHOTOGRAPHY IN GRAPHIC DESIGN FOR KUTPM à - NATURAL LIGHTING TECHNIQUE.2 1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT3 1.3 OBJECTIVE4 1.4 SIGNIFICANT OF THE PROJECT5 1.5 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT6 1.6 ASSUMPTION AND LIMITATION7 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW7.1 2.1 Review of Current Situation.7.2 2.2 Review of the Related Literature7.3 2.3 Review of the Related Product8 3.0 METHODOLOGY8.1 3.1 Project Methodology9 MARKETING STRATEGY FOR GRAPHIC DESIGN COUTSE at KUTPM10 4.0 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION ROMOTING PHOTOGRAPHY IN GRAPHIC DESIGN FOR KUTPM à - NATURAL LIGHTING TECHNIQUE. This campaign is to promote bachelor graphic design course in KUTPM, for schools student around Selangor. The case study for this project is about Natural Lighting Technique as an element in photography. The purpose of this project is to expose the technique to students and as a result students will enhance their skill to produce a good picture. In the same time students will be expose to graphic design career. Light isnt simply a factor that affects photography, light is photography. Photographers learn early on that when they take a picture they are recording light. However, that knowledge doesnt do much to explain the emotional response evoked in a simple play of light in an image. It seems that the best photographers have a unique relationship with light, and learn to dance with that light to produce remarkable images. (Moose Peterson, Steve McCurry, Joe McNally and Tim Grey à - Nikon) 1.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND The field of the project is educational campaign for the photography by using natural lighting technique. The group will represent the KUTPM to promote Graphic Design course. One of the key elements in graphics world is photography. The form of photography would come in many ways such as. Out door lighting I. Front lighting II. Slide lighting III. Back lighting IV. Existing lighting (Photoinfo .com 2003-2005) The computer technology gives a lot of alternative way in presenting the graphic design. There is a lot of graphical oriented software in the market, starting from the image editing to illustration such as bundle of Adobe software, Corel Paint pro, uLead Photo Paint and so on. Compare to the traditional way, the new technology can help to enhance the process and the quality of the design. 1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT i) Budget/sponsor- it hard to find a sponsor to held a small event. The cost to prepare the event is very expensive. ii) Time/date- time of the event will be held on 25 October 2007. Which are few weeks before SPM examination. iii) Venue à - the campaign will be held in a small hall. Capacity of the hall only limited for 150 audiences. This is not include for the exhibition booth space. 1.3 OBJECTIVE Research Objective: i) To promote Bachelor Graphic Design course in KUTPM. ii) To introduce Natural lighting Technique in photography. iii) To reveal Photography as an element in graphic design. 1.0 Bar Chart : Graphic design analysis 1.1 Bar Chart : Photography Analysis 1.2 Bar Chart : Photography knowledge Hypothesis: The research will be done to 100 students that choose randomly in Shah Alam. The target group primary student in form 4 and 5. From the research objective and research question, this will provide the percentage and the public level knowledge toward the photography and graphic design. The research also reveals the reception public about the campaign. In the other way, people perception towards Bachelor Graphic Design also will be known. 1.4 SIGNIFICANT OF THE PROJECT i) Increase the number of KUTPM student in Bachelor Graphic Design. ii) Widen their knowledge about photography technique in other graphic design element. 1.5 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT Target Candidate: i) SPM students Project Type: i) Campaign 1.6 ASSUMPTION AND LIMITATION Assumption: i) Student will receive more knowledge about photography in graphic design. ii) Attract more students taking Bachelor Graphic Design in KUTPM. iii) Create a good relationship between KUTPM and Schools Limitation i) Target audience Form 4 and 5 students. ii) Venue School around Selangor. iii) Venue à - Small hall iv) Case study à - Natural Lighting Technique. CHAPTER II 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Review of Current Situation. i) People will learn about the important of proper exposure in both digital and film camera. Beside the composition, the ultimate important thing to ensure the best captured is understand the exposure which is learn the basic daylight exposure. The quality of sunlight depends on its strength and direction. Strong, direct sunlight is hard because it produces dark, well-defined shadows and brilliant highlights, with strong modeling of form. Sunlight is hardest on clear summer days at noon. Strong sunlight makes strong colors more brilliant, but weak colors pale. Sunlight is diffused by haze, mist, and pollution in the air. This diffused or reflected light is softer; it produces weak, soft shadows and dull highlights. Directionless, diffused sunlight is often called flat lighting because it produces fine detail but subdues or flattens form. Weak, directionless sunlight provides vibrant, well-saturated colors. The color, direction, quantity, and quality of the light determine how the subjects appear. Daylight and sunlight are not a constant source, because they change hourly and with the weather, season, location, and latitude. This changing daylight can alter the apparent shapes, colors, tones, and forms of a scene. The color of sunlight changes most rapidly at the extreme ends of the day. Strong color changes also occur during storms, haze, or mist and on blue early morning days. The direction of light changes as the sun moves across the sky. The shape and direction of shadows are altered, and the different directions of sunlight greatly affect the appearance of a scene. à - Alex Moh (photographer, teacher, and project coordinator for numerous photography projects at national and international arena). He is appointed as Nikon Stylus Pro. 2.2 Review of the Related Literature Type of source: Magazines Petersons Photography, September 2004, Tips for tricky exposure situation Proper exposure is important. Color-print film has a lot of latitude, and digital images can be manipulated extensively, but properly exposed image will always look better then a corrected poorly exposed one à - Mike Stensvold. Petersons Photography, September 2004, Travel Light Low-angled sunlight is more than golden colors, long shadows, and rich textures. The direction from which a subject is illuminated dramatically impacts how that subject is perceived, and at sunrise or sunset we can often choose how to use the light direction such as frontal lighting, backlighting or sidelighting à - Jim Zuckerman. Digital Camera, issue 11, November 2006, Captured autumn landscapes Beautiful backlighting will appear when the suns low in the skies that give the opportunity to people to take stunning backlit pictures of woodland or mist. For best result, take a series of shots starting at the metered exposed and increasing each frame by half a stop until you reached +2 stops. This will give you a range of effects from near-silhouette to atmospheric high key. Digital Camera, issue 17, May 2007,Shoot and edit amazing portraits Shooting with a reflector will give your portraits a genuine look that flash cant reproduce. It fills the shadow with natural light and the fantastic benefit is that you can see it in action while adjusting for the best result. During the portraits photography, the reflector holding was holding on the opposite side of models face from where the light was falling. This bounced the light back towards the shadows and lifted the image. Intensity is controlled by how far away you place the reflector. Experiment and adjust before each shot in order to make sure the light hitting the shadows à - Ben Birchall Book Digital Photography (McGraw Hill) Natural Light à - McCurry For many photographers, natural lighting is the most common source of illumination. Even studio photographers often make it a point to utilize natural light whenever possible for the warmth and depth it provides to the subject. In many cases the results achieved with artificial lighting dont quite have the magic of ambient lighting. When asked why he tends not to use flash, relying instead on ambient lighting, McCurry says it isnt a conscious decision not to use flash. I just like the look of natural light, and I dont like the look of a flash picture unless its done so you cant tell flash was used. Of course, just because making use of natural light doesnt mean you need to always be looking for the most dramatic lighting or only photograph during early morning or late afternoon light. As McCurry points out, Often theres a story or some emotional situation Im trying to convey, a story Im trying to tell, and I dont want the light to interfere with that. Im looking for a lighting which isnt distracting. I often like flat lighting that is even, such as under an overcast sky. I dont usually shoot in a lot of sun, but rather look for more muted situations. In fact, McCurry is not always looking for the right light so much as avoiding light that draws attention to itself for being not in harmony with what Im trying to do. In other words, his focus is often on the subject rather than the light, and anything that draws attention away from the subject may be a bad thing. While this may sound like a recommendation to avoid looking for the right light, looking deeper youll discover this is more about making sure the light works with the subject, and produces a better overall image. Your image shouldnt depend exclusively on dramatic lighting, but rather you should compose an image that incorporates lighting as one of the key elements working together to create a beautiful image. Rather than having your image over powered by the lighting, work to ensure that all aspects of the image work together, including the lighting. Web www.phillborges.com Phil Borges has lived with and documented indigenous and tribal cultures around the world. Through his work, he strives to create a heightened understanding of the issues faced by people in the developing world. Through his exhibits and award-winning books, Phil attempts to create a relationship between the audience and his photographic subjects. I want the viewer to see these people as individuals, to know their names and a bit of their history, not just to view them as an anonymous part of some remote ethnic or tribal group. Many pictures taken by Phill were using natural light. www.tedadnan.com Ted Adnan Asmadi, Photographer, Producer Film Maker, based in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.Ted is a self taught photographer, his background in Arts and Accounts is a distinct advantage over others in providing images that a client requires. He is comfortable creating images in both analog and digital format, and easily transcends both location and studio environments. Here are some of Ted Adnan Pictures. He applied creative exposure technique in capturing in different light condition. www.deborahhart.com She is a California transplant currently based in Los Angeles, California. As a child, and Navy Brat, her family traveled to all corners of the United States. Her interest in Photography began in High School. While in High School. She was blessed to be mentored by Will Counts, an amazing photographer well known for his documentation of the attempted desegregation of Little Rock, Arkansas Central High School in 1957. Alfred Stieglitz Biography Essay4. Pricing à - Process of setting prices including discount (In this event there is no process of setting prices) Time Line for Pre-Show Promotion 6 months from the Show Decide on show objectives Establish the budget Decide on pre-show promotion vehicles Five Months from the Show Decide on the show theme Select targeted publications for pre-show publicity Content planning for promotions Select list for telemarketing, e-mail and fax broadcasting Four Months from the Show Define and plan direct mail options Select and order incentives à - promotional products Plan and write your press releases Create telemarketing scripts Three Months from the Show Schedule advertising Send ad proofs to publications Target list of editors for press releases and send Two Months from the Show Order direct mailing lists Produce direct mail piece One Month from the Show Package and send direct mail piece Call editor to arrange interviews Begin e-mail and fax broadcast campaign (www.skyline.com, 10 Jun 2007) Unique Selling Proposition Market research on successful advertising campaigns two desirable attributes: the penetration and the usage pull, that produced a high usage pull was the basis for the theory of the USP 1. Each advertisement must make a proposition to the customer: buy this product, and you will get this specific benefit. 2. The proposition itself must be unique something that competitors do not, or will not, offer. 3. The proposition must be strong enough to pull new customers to the product. (1940s, book Reality in Advertising, Rosser Reeves (Chairman of the Board at Ted Bates Company)) MARKETING STRATEGY FOR GRAPHIC DESIGN COUTSE at KUTPM In order to be successful in promoting KUTPM Graphic Design Course is to correctly address the various component of the marketing strategy. The figure below illustrates a typical component of marketing strategy and marketing plan. To develop the promotions program for the Graphic Design Course, the following needs to be taken into account. 1. the nature of the target audience 2. the short and long- term communication objectives 3. the messages that are to be used 4. the promotional / communication channels to be used 5. the budget 6. the promotion mix 7. the ways in which the elements of the promotion mix are to be integrated and how, in turn, the promotion mix is to be integrated with the marketing mix. 8. how the result of the campaign are to be measured. ( Wilson Gilligan, Strategic Marketing Management, Second Edition, 1997) We are proposing the following way to address the above for the successful promotion of the Graphic Design Course of KUTPM. 1. Target Audience The target audiences for the Graphic Design course are i- students that are with SPM ii- students in form four and five iii- those with relevant recognized certificates iv- students in general v- school counselors vi- parents the main target audiences are therefore upper secondary school students and parents. The students and parents need to be made aware of the availability of the course offered by KUTPM. The content of the marketing promotions must therefore be targeted to form these main audience. 2. The Communication Objectives The aim of the communication objectives is to put something into the audiences mind to encourage them to choose the Graphic Design Course in KUTPM. The communication plan should be able to make the consumers finally make the decision to choose KUTPM Graphic Design Course. Following are the enrollment into the course and the relevant communication tools to be used. Steps Towards Enrollment. The Possible Communication Tools Proposed 3. Developing The Message In developing the message or content of the Marketing Communication channels is to identify the following, i- What to say ii- How to say it structurally iii- How to say it emotionally or symbolically (formal) iv- Who should say it (the source) We proposed the content of the communication should have both rational appeal as well as emotional appeal. The Graphic Design be communicates as a suitable course to take that provide good career opportunities in many industries such as in media and marketing companies. The content should also communicate that the course is very exciting especially for those who are creative to fully realize their potential. The message should also includes why KUTPM is the best institution to join with its reputation of having high percentage of its graduates getting jobs after graduation. 4. Selecting The Communication Channels. For the message to reach the target audiences it is proposed that the most cost effective way to be selected. One way is to work closely with print media in giving news coverage on the Graphic Design Course in KUTPM. The coverage is virtually free. However, there need to be news worthy events or activities that have to be organized. Participants by Very Important Persons would encourage coverage by the media. Through the print media the message can be delivered to both the students and parents. For example a competition can be organized with relevant sponsors for students to participate in Graphic Design. The advertisement cost and prizes can be paid by the sponsors. KUTPM Graphic Design Department will just be the organizers. Local, regional and subsequently international seminars can be organized with relevant interested parties. This will help to establish a good brand for the Graphic Design Department. 5. The Budget. By identifying cost effective approach as proposed above, the budget required would be minimal. BUDGET FOR THE PHOTOGRAPHY CAMPAIGN 2007 NO ITEM DESCRIPTION VALUE 1 College Contribution From STAD, College RM 200.00 2 Sponsor Sponsorship from Government organization, corporate, agency or individual (VIP): Ex: Nikon, Canon, Olympus New Straits Times Press VIP RM 2000.00 3 Collection RM 300.00 per person RM 900.00 TOTAL = RM 3100.00 THE ESTIMATE EARNING OF THE PROJECT: THE ESTIMATE EXPENSES OF THE PROJECT: NO ITEM DESCRIPTION VALUE 2 Promotion 1 x Banner (5X 2) = RM150 1 x Bunting (2X 4) = RM 120 1 x Backdrop Poster (AO) synthetic paper matte laminations = RM 70 7 x Poster (A3) = RM 70 RM 410.00 5 Logistic For carry the display items and and campaign equipments RM 100.00 6 Prizes For the photography contest RM 500.00 7 Decoration/Ornament Ornament stuff for hall/booth RM 200.00 8 Other Expenses Donation for large group (RM 100 x 3 person) RM 300.00 TOTAL = RM 1600.00 *Balance of the Budget: RM 1500.00 6. Integration of Promotion Mix and Marketing Mix. The promotion mix/plan above and the other components of marketing mix, product (Graphic Design Course), price (course fee), place (KUTPM) need to be effectively integrated. Since the KUTPM Graphic Design Course does not have brand loyalty there is a need to adopt à push strategy more than à pull strategy. The following figure illustrate the cost-effectiveness of different promotional tolls throughout the life cycle of a product or service which we should consider when undertaking the above promotional plan/mix. For the early stage the most cost effective is through sales promotion and advertising. Advertising can be costly and as we proposed above, it would be good to organize activities for news coverage. 7. Measuring Results. It is important to set feedback on the effectiveness of the marketing promotional plan. Necessary adjustment need to be made to improve its effectiveness. 3.2 Software and Hardware NAME FUNCTION Adobe Photoshop CS Use to combine, crop and manipulate the image Adobe Illustrator Use to create and manipulate new design in the vector image format (the output are more sharp and not jagged). Adobe In design Use to create the pamphlet/brochure. Internet Use to create the ads and send invitation to guest. Light Room Use to adjust color tone à - Saturation, Hue, Lens, Color tone ( Blue, Red, Orange, Yellow, Aqua, Purple, Magenta) Brightness and Contra NAME FUNCTION Canon Scanner Scan image and data to edit Canon Blotter(Printer) Print the output in big poster and banner 20 wide screen Philip Monitor Display the output design 1 GB DDR-2 SDRAM For hyper speed memory ATI Radeon X1300 256 MB PCIe (Graphic card) To create high dynamic range visual effect and accelerate the heavy graphic program keyboard Input data Canon PIXMA iX4000 To print the flyers/brochures/pamphlet Logitech G3 Laser Mouse To speed up the design process (2000dpi) Olympus FE-170 Digital Camera 6.0 MP To take photo to be edited 3.3 Project Organization 3.3 Ghant Chart CHAPTER IV 4.0 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION As a conclusion, the important motive for this campaign to make sure that the societies are understood the important of photography in graphic design in our daily life. It also can give information to teenagers about their career future in both photography and graphic design. The campaign also will promote and attract student to choose KUTPM as one of their choices to do Bachelor in Graphic Design. This probably can make and change the mentality of some people that studying in private college can achieve the quality same as the public institution. Through learning photography in graphic design, it can generate the culture and appreciate the art of visual in peoples life. So, with this opportunity, the group hopes the teenagers will get the next step in their life to improve their skill in photography and not to mention graphic design. To summarize, this campaign was basically to attract people to get close in visual world. This is to generate the culture and appreciate the art of photography in society life especially student and teenagers. The campaign will show how and why the photography is important in our live. It also teaches the user how to be a good in the way of knowledge and learn what technique is suitable for certain condition. Another thing that people can see is the sample portfolios and the artwork from the local artist. Overall, the campaign will give information to society especially student and teenagers to know more deeply about the art of photography in the world of graphic design and not to mention to promote the KUTPM to the peoples eyes. Research Question: Age: Education Level: Gender: (1) Do you know what graphics design is? Yes No (2) Are you familiar with the graphic design environment? Yes No (3) Are you interested in photography? Yes No (4) How deep do you know about photography? None Little Much Too much (5) Do you agree that good skill in photography can insure good life in the future? Yes No 6) Do you know any good designer or photographer in/out of this country? Yes No (7) Do you ever visit any of the graphic and photography exhibitions? Yes No (8) Do you know what the future prospects are for bachelor in Graphic Design? Yes No (9) List the best place to learn Bachelor Graphic Design? (10) Do you know our daily life are surrounding with the graphic? Yes No